– Dziwani mphamvu za derali, momwe anthu akugwiritsidwira ntchito panopa komanso kuthekera kolimbikitsa mphamvuzo pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma.

– Dziwani kufunikira kwachuma, ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu polimbikitsa mphamvu za dera.

2. Maluso

– Werengani ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku Vietnam geographical atlat, zolemba zapakhoma ndi zolemba.

– Kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza deta

Mukuwona: Phunziro 12 phunziro 32

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mwana

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1 Tsitsani
Mukuwona chikalata “Geography Phunziro 12, nyengo 37: Vuto logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ku Northern Midlands ndi Mapiri”, kuti mutsitse chikalata choyambirira, chonde dinani batani. KOPERANI pamwamba

Onaninso: Tsiku Lililonse Ndi Chizindikiro Chakuvuta, Kapangidwe Ndi Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Ka Nthawi Yachingerezi

GAWO 37 PHUNZIRO 32. Vuto lakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumadera akumpoto ndi kumapiri Tsiku lokonzekera: Tsiku lophunzirira: I. Zolinga za phunziro Pambuyo pa phunziro, ophunzira ayenera: 1. Kudziwa- Kudziwa mphamvu za dera, momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito panopa komanso kuthekera kolimbikitsa mphamvuzo pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Maluso- Kuwerenga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku Vietnam geographical Atlas, mabuku a pakhoma ndi mabuku ophunzirira.- Kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kukonza II. Zothandizira pophunzitsa- Map of Vietnam’s natural regions.- General economic map of Vietnam.- Map of Northern mountainous region and Red River Delta.- Geographical atlat VN.III. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro 1. Kukhazikika kwa bungwe: Chongani nambala 2. Onani Zakale: ? Kutumiza kunja kwa CM – ntchito zolowetsa mdziko lathu zikuyenda bwino m’zaka zaposachedwa? Zothandizira zokopa alendo za CM m’dziko lathu ndizolemera komanso zosiyanasiyana?3. Ntchito zatsopano za aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira akuluakulu a TD ndi BB zikuphatikiza zigawo zotsatirazi:- Kumpoto chakumadzulo: Dien Bien, Son La, Lai Chau, Hoa Binh.- Kumpoto chakum’mawa: Lao Cai, YB, Phu Tho, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang , Lang Son, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh Mphunzitsi: Ngakhale sanagawidwe m’zigawo ziwiri zosiyana, pali mphamvu ndi zolepheretsa zosiyana pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu pakati pa Midwest ndi Northeast. Nthawi zambiri, Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndikovuta kwambiri.* Ndi malo ake apadera, limodzi ndi izi, maukonde a mayendedwe akuyendetsedwa ndi kukwezedwa -> kusinthana kwachuma ndi chitukuko.? Kutengera Mapu aku Northern Midwest ndi Red River Delta (Vietnam geographical atlat), chonde tsimikizirani zomwe zili pamwambazi?* Malo:- Kumpoto: Kumalire ndi South China, dera losinthika lazachuma => Zoyenera kusinthana kudzera m’zipata zamalire: Mong Cai (District Ninh); Dong Dang, Tan Thanh (Lang Son); Thanh Thuy (Ha Giang); Thuy Khau (Lao Cai)…- Kumadzulo: Kufupi ndi Upper Laos, dera lomwe lili ndi nkhalango zazikulu kwambiri za Laos.- Kufupi ndi Red River Delta: Derali lili ndi kuthekera kwa LT-TP’, katundu wogula ndi zogwirira ntchito chachikulu kwambiri m’dzikoli. Kuyenda ndi kosavuta panjira, njanji, madzi.- Kum’mawa kuli nyanja ya Q.Ninh dera lomwe lingathe kukopa alendo, mayendedwe ndi usodzi.* Maulendo:- Misewu imadutsa: National Highway 1A, 2, 3, 6, 18, 70 ndi njira zina zambiri zofunika zogwirizana ndi zipata za malire -> ku mayiko ena.- Njira za njanji: HN – Bac Giang – Lang Son; Hanoi – YB – Lao Cai – Kunming (China)…Mphunzitsi: Dera lolemera kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe -> lotha kusinthasintha machitidwe azachuma. Mwachitsanzo:- Land: Feralit, laimu, nthaka yopanda chonde (pakati) -> kubzala mbewu za m’mafakitale (tiyi, anise, sinamoni, chiponde, soya…) – Dothi la alluvial m’mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mapiko a munda kutsogolo kwa phiri: Nghia Lo (YB); Trung Khanh, That Khe (Cao Bang); Muong Thanh (Dien Bien)…-> kulima mbewu za chakudya.- Plateaus with some grasslands -> ziweto zomwe zikukula.* Nyengo, magwero a madzi:- Tropical monsoon monsoon nature ( there is 1 cold winter)-> amapanga mafakitale otentha komanso otentha mbewu, zomera zapadera ndi ndiwo zamasamba zotentha.- Magwero a mitsinje yambiri kapena kumtunda kwa mitsinje ikuluikulu -> mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi (mitsinje) Persimmon ndi 37% ya nkhokwe zopangira mphamvu ya madzi m’dzikoli).* Zachilengedwe:- Dera la nkhalango ndi mahekitala 4531.4 ( 2006) -> Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira za kuwononga madzi osefukira ndi kuwononga kukokoloka, kumabweretsanso phindu lalikulu pazachuma. chitukuko.* Zipangizo za Minerals:- Mafuta amafuta: Malasha achuluka kwambiri ku District 1. .Ninh (Anthracite); Na Duong bulauni malasha (Lang Son); Malasha Mo (Thai Nguyen) .- Metallic minerals: Tin (Tinh Tuc – Cao Bang); lead – zinki (Dien msika – Bac Kan); Mkuwa-golide (Sinh Quyen – Lao Cai)…- Zopanda zitsulo: Apatite (Cam Duong – Lao Cai); Pirit (Phu Tho)…- Zipangizo zomangira: Limestone, kaolin, dongo lomanga….* Zothandizira zokopa alendo:- Zokopa alendo kumapiri: Sapa, Tam Dao, Mau Son…- zokopa alendo kunyanja: Bay Ha Long, Bai Tu Long …Mphunzitsi: TD ndi MNBB ndi madera okhala ndi anthu ochepa -> pali zolepheretsa zambiri pamsika wapafupi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, makamaka ogwira ntchito zaluso.* Anthuwa ali ndi luso pakupanga ndi kuyang’anira. , zipangizo zamakono zikadali zosauka komanso zowonongeka mosavuta. Pakatikati, zida ndi luso ndizokhazikika kwambiri.* Kukumba ndi kukonza mchere ndi mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi:- Kukumba ndi kukonza mchere: Malasha (District of Ninh, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen), malata (Cao Bang), ulusi – zinki ( Bac Kan), mkuwa – golide (Lao Cai), chitsulo (Thai Nguyen, YB), apatite (Lao Cai) … , mayendedwe ovuta…) * Malasha: Nthawi zambiri malasha a anthracite, kutentha kwambiri, kutulutsa migodi kumaposa matani 30 miliyoni / chaka – > kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafakitale opangira magetsi otenthetsera komanso kutumiza kunja.1 malo angapo opangira magetsi otentha m’derali: Uong Bi ndi Uong Bi Extension (Chigawo cha Ninh – mphamvu zonse za 450 MW); Cao Ngan (Thai Nguyen); Na Duong (Lang Son – 110 MW); Ndondomeko yomanga ya Cam Pha thermal power plant (Chigawo cha Ninh) chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 600 MW.- TB: Copper – migodi ya nickel (Son La), Rare earths (Lai Chau)… YB), Copper – golide (Lao Cai) … Kupatula apo, malata – bauxite (Cao Bang), lead – zinc (Bac Kan)… Chaka chilichonse, derali limapanga pafupifupi matani 1000 a malata.=> ku mafakitale a feteleza. Chaka chilichonse, matani pafupifupi 600,000 a miyala ya apatite amawagwiritsa ntchito.* Mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi: Malo osungira magetsi a madzi ndi amene amapezeka makamaka mumtsinje wa Red River. Kuthandizira zosowa za moyo ndi kupanga Mwachitsanzo: Mafakitale akulu – Thac Ba (mtsinje woyenda – 110 MW) – Hoa Binh (S.Da – 1920 MW) – Akumanga fakitale yopangira magetsi ya Son La (S. Da – 2400 MW ) ndi Tuyen Quang (s.Gam – 342 MW)GV: Kupatula apo, pali mafakitale ang’onoang’ono ang’onoang’ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi omwe amamangidwa pamitsinje ya mitsinje. tcherani khutu ku kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo: Kupewa madamu kuti asasunge madzi, zivomezi zobwera pambuyo pa kukanikizana…Zindikirani: Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa migodi ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha mafakitale kumafuna ndalama zambiri, umisiri wamakono, ogwira ntchito aluso -> Zachilengedwe zazing’ono ndi zapakatikati zikadali zochepa.Mphunzitsi: – Zakale dothi la alluvial (lomwe lili pakati pa mapiri) – Dothi la Alluvial: M’mphepete mwa zigwa za mitsinje ndi minda ya kumapiri.* Kumpoto chakum’mawa: Malo ake si okwera koma ndi malo amene mtsinjewu umakhudzidwa kwambiri. m’dziko lathu.* Kumpoto chakumadzulo: Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mtunda wa NE monsoon (kutsekereza kwa mtunda) koma chifukwa cha mtunda wautali, nyengo yozizira imakhalabe.* Sipafunika ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo: – Tiyi: dera lalikulu kwambiri la tiyi mdziko muno, lomwe lili ndi tiyi ambiri otchuka monga Tan Cuong (Thai Nguyen), Suoi Giang (YB), Ha Giang, Phu Tho…- Anise (Lang Son) mtengo wapadera.- Sinamoni….* Madera amapiri okwera m’malire a Cao Bang, Lang Son ndi madera amapiri a HLS -> nyengo ndi yabwino nyengo yopangira zomera zamtengo wapatali zamankhwala.* Kubzala mitengo yazipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zochokera kozizira: mapichesi, mapeyala, plums, chayote , kabichi….* KV Sapa (Lao Cai) ikhoza kulimidwa masamba ofunda komanso mbewu zamasamba chaka chonse, kulima maluwa otumiza kunja. mbewu mafakitale, zomera zapaderazi ndi mitengo ya zipatso m’dera lamapiri kumpoto akadali Kukwezeleza kwa ulimi wa mbewu mafakitale ndi mbewu zapaderazi zimathandiza chitukuko ogwira ntchito ulimi chofunika, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi zotsatira za kuchepetsa kusuntha kulima ndi kuyendayenda mu chigawo.* M’dera lopanda udzu waukulu, kupatulapo udzu wina wa kumapiri, koma ngati udzu wachilengedwe utagwiritsidwa ntchito, dera lamapiri la Kumpoto limatha kukhala ndi ziweto zambiri (makamaka njati). dziko lonse + Ng’ombe za mkaka: Ulimi wambiri ku Moc Chau Plateau (Mwana La) + Ng’ombe za Ng’ombe: Zowetedwa kwambiri Mphunzitsi: Pakali pano, chifukwa cha zovuta zonyamula katundu kupita nazo kumadera odyetserako madzi (ku madera a m’tauni) kwachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito m’matauni. chitukuko cha kuweta ng’ombe zazikulu m’derali Kupatula apo, ubwino wa msipu wa ziweto watsikanso -> ukuyenera kukonzedwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo zokolola.* Chifukwa cha chakudya chabwino chothetsa mavuto kwa anthu -> Mbewu za chakudya cha ziweto -> thandizo onjezerani mofulumira gulu la nkhumba, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kukumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa dziko komanso kugulitsa kunja.GV: Monga imodzi mwa madera azachuma omwe ali m’malire a nyanja, Ponena za kutsegula chuma, mphamvu iyi ya Northern Territory idzakhala kukwezedwa kwambiri. Nyanja ya Quang Ninh ndi nyanja yomwe ingatheke. Kukhala ndi zabwino pazachuma zam’madzi, kuyang’ana kwambiri mafakitale otsatirawa: – Usodzi: Kulima ndi kusodza ndi Hai Phong – Malo osodza a Quang Ninh -> zopezeka m’nyanja zolemera. Malo akuluakulu amadzi odzala ndi zamoyo zam’madzi Mwachitsanzo: – Zokopa alendo kunyanja: Bai Chay, Tra Co…karst topography (Ha Long Bay) -> World Natural Heritage 1994 ndi World Geological Heritage mchaka cha 1994. 2000.- Islands and archipelagos : Cai Bau, Van Don, Tuan Chau… Mwachitsanzo: Cai Lan Port (mayiko akuya akumanga kuchuluka kwa katundu kudzera pa doko la matani 14.2 miliyoni / chaka mu 2010) => kupanga mphamvu yopangira Cai Lan Industrial zone.GV: Kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha m’nyanja kudzapanga chuma chochuluka pa chitukuko cha dera ndi dziko lonse.- Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino.- Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma…I. General mwachidule- The Northern Midlands ndi Mapiri ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri m’dziko lathu (> 101,000 km2 – 30.5% ya dziko), kuphatikizapo 15 zigawo.- Mu 2006, chiwerengero cha anthu anali oposa 12 miliyoni (14.2% ya dziko lonse) . Hydroelectricity+ Forestry+ Integrated development of marine economy+ Mining and mineral processing industry+ Tourism- Kuchulukana kwa anthu amapiri 50-100 anthu/km2; TD 100-300 anthu / km2.- Pali mafuko ang’onoang’ono ang’onoang’ono.- Mkhalidwe wobwerera m’mbuyo ndi kulima kulima udakali m’magulu amitundu ina.- Zida zapita patsogolo kwambiri posachedwapa.2. Kukumba ndi kukonza migodi ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi.* Kukumba ndi kukonza migodi:- Ndilo zachilengedwe zolemera kwambiri ku Vietnam.- Malasha: Quang Ninh, dera lalikulu kwambiri la malasha komanso labwino kwambiri ku Vietnam. Makamaka magetsi otenthetsera ndi kutumiza kunja. Ba, Hoa Binh…=> Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kudzabweretsa chikoka chatsopano pa chitukuko cha dera. Makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza mchere pamaziko a mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso wochuluka wa magetsi.3. Kulima ndi kukonza mbewu za m’mafakitale, mankhwala, masamba ndi zipatso za m’madera otentha komanso otentha.* Chilengedwe: – Nthaka: Dothi la Feralit, dothi lakale kwambiri, dothi lokhala ndi madzi… madera amapiri.* Anthu okhalamo: Odziwa kulima ndi kukonza zomera zamakampani ndi mankhwala.* Mikhalidwe yazachuma:- Capital, teknoloji.- Processing- Market.- Policy.* Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu:- Kupanga zomera za mafakitale zochokera kumadera otentha ndi otentha.- Kulima mitengo yamankhwala yamtengo wapatali m’madera am’malire ndi mapiri aatali HLS: Tam That, cardamom… – Kubzala mitengo yazipatso yamtundu wozizira* Zolepheretsa: – Kuzizira kwambiri, kuzizira koopsa, chisanu, kusowa kwa madzi m’nyengo yozizira. zidakula bwino. .4. Kuweta ng’ombe.* Mphamvu: Udzu m’zitunda 600-700m -> kuweta njati, ng’ombe, akavalo, mbuzi.* Chitukuko:+ Njati: Mitu 1.7 miliyoni (1/2 mwa ng’ombe zonse).+ Ng’ombe: Mitu ya 900,000 (16% ya dziko lonse – 2005) + Nkhumba ya nkhumba: kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe, mu 2005 inali mitu ya 5.8 miliyoni (21% ya dziko lonse) .5. Marine economy.- Potential sea area- Fishing and aquaculture.- Sea and island tourism.- Kuyenda panyanja IV. Limbikitsani 1. N’chifukwa chiyani akuti kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu za dera lamapiri la Kumpoto kuli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pazachuma komanso kufunika kwa ndale?2. Kuwunikidwa kwa kuthekera ndi momwe zilili ndi mbewu za mafakitale ndi zapadera mderali?3. Kodi kusanthula luso ndi mmene panopa ng’ombe kuswana m’dera?